Exploration of Mars, from early times up to Vicking Landing. Mars is the fourth planet from the sun in our solar system. The planet is on Mars, named the Roman god of war. It is also called "Red Planet" because of its reddish appearance, widely known by iron oxide on its surface. Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, having surface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon and the volcanoes, valleys, deserts and polar ice caps of Earth.Unlike Earth, Mars is now a geologically inactive planet with no tectonic activity. It is the site of Olympus Mons, the highest known mountain in the solar system, and the Valles Marineris, the largest canyon. The smooth Borealis Basin on the northern hemisphere may have a huge impact be over 40% of the planet. Mars rotational period and seasonal cycles are likewise similar to those of Earth.Orbital properties (J2000) Aphelion 249.2093 million km (1.665 861 AU) Perihelion206669000 km (1.381 497 AU) semi-major axis of 227939100 km (1.523 679 AU) Eccentricity 0.093 315 686.971 days orbital period 1.8808 Julian years 668.5991 Sole synodic period 779.96 days Mean orbital speed of 2.135 Julian years 24.077 km / s tendency to 1.850 5.65 ecliptic to 1.67 ° to Sun's equator length constant level of ascending node 286.537 49.562 ° Argument of perihelion · Satellite Systems 2 Physical characteristics Equatorial radius of 3396.2 ± 0.1 km (533 Earths0 polar radius 3376.2 ±0.1 km (0.531 ...
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